The artificial intelligence law is an emerging field of research, and this pioneering book aims to constitute a first step in its conception.
The artificial intelligence law is an emerging field of research, and this pioneering book aims to constitute a first step in its conception and aims to compare normative approaches and understand the social, cultural, historical, and legal system differences when it comes to consider new legislation addressing specific issues.

The main principles as well as the fundamental rules of Polish constitutional law.
Presenting the main principles as well as the fundamental rules of Polish constitutional law and its relationship with European law, this book allows to discover and understand the specificities of the constitutional history of Poland within the European Union.

Update, cross-cutting and in-depth analysis of the legal and para-legal framework of Artificial Intelligence governance in the European Union.
The book explores normative paths, from hard law to standardisation, and other tools of monitoring and supervision, from ethics to media literacy, that could progressively lead to a fair, comprehensive and balanced governance of AI in the Union.

Cette monographie constitue le premier ouvrage qui rend compte des rapports entre la religion et l'ordre juridique au sein de l'Union européenne. Il analyse l'influence de la religion sur le droit et les limites exigées par l'Union européenne. Il dresse le tableau des principes laïcs et religieux de l'ordre public de l'Union européenne et examine comment ces principes discordants ont été réconciliés dans la réglementation européenne et la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l'Union européenne. Il évalue aussi l'interaction entre la législation nationale des États membres et les exigences européennes.

L'approche de l'Union européenne est guidée par la recherche d'un équilibre entre le patrimoine religieux européen (en grande partie chrétien) et une forte tradition humaniste et laïque qui impose des limites à l'influence de la religion sur le droit et la politique. Pour atteindre un tel équilibre, l'Union européenne considère la religion comme une forme d'identité, individuelle et collective. Cette approche chrétienne-humaniste conforte le rôle culturel de la religion mais restreint son influence politique.

Dans le contexte des changements historiques et sociologiques qui touchent actuellement la religion en Europe et des débats sur la laïcité, l'égalité et l'Islam, le présent ouvrage offre un éclairage sur la relation entre la religion et le droit européen dans une Europe qui change.

Ce livre intéressera les praticiens, les enseignants et les chercheurs en droit européen, constitutionnel et des droits fondamentaux et en politiques européennes.
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Antidiscrimination law is changing rapidly throughout Europe.
It is moving from standard-setting to practical implementation. Pressed by civil society movements and international bodies tasked with monitoring equality, policy-makers are in search of new and more effective modes of combating discrimination and promoting equality. The issue of the processing of data relating to ethnicity and religion has become central to these developments. The availability of such data is recognized as playing an increasingly important role in the fight against discrimination.
In order to elaborate policies designed to promote equality, States must be able to identify the nature and extent of discrimination, the groups affected by discrimination, and the fields in which discrimination occurs. To this end, they must have access to sufficiently precise information on the situation of members of vulnerable groups in the diverse fields of social life, such as employment, education or housing.
In addition, the regular production of new statistical studies enables public authorities to monitor the implementation of equality policies and assess their impact. Private actors such as employers who aim to develop an equality plan in their company must have the means to assess the extent to which potentially discriminated groups are adequately represented in their workforce. Finally, the laws of several European Union member States allow the person who claims to be the victim of discrimination to have recourse to statistical data to prove indirect discrimination.
However, in many European countries, the collection of data needed to fight racial and ethnic discrimination remains a matter of public controversy. And existing personal data protection legislation is often seen as an obstacle to the processing of such data, which international and European norms treat as highly sensitive. This book maps this debate, at a moment when it is emerging on continental Europe; and it seeks to move the debate forward.
The authors explore to what extent and under which conditions the data needed to combat racial and ethnic discrimination can be collected, while fully respecting the rights of individuals. They clarify the implications of personal data protection under European law. Additionally, they discuss the issues raised by the construction of racial or ethnic categories, and by the choice of the criteria which will be relied upon to classify individuals into such categories.
The analysis is based on international human rights law as well as on the laws and practices of several states. These various practices are reviewed in order to highlight the tensions and difficulties raised by the enterprise of classifying individuals into racial or ethnic categories for the purposes of anti-discrimination policies. The authors conclude that human rights standards, and in particular the right to privacy, do not preclude the collection of data on racial or ethnic origin for antidiscrimination purposes, although they define fundamental safeguards and limits that constrain the extent to and the manner in which this type of information can be gathered and processed.
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L'ouvrage contient un examen approfondi des méthodologies argumentatives et des règles fondamentales de l'élocution appliquées au procès criminel.
L'ouvrage contient un examen approfondi des méthodologies argumentatives et des règles fondamentales de l'élocution appliquées au procès criminel.